Abraham Lincoln Rhetorical Analysis - 998 Words

President Abraham Lincoln, sixteenth president of the United States, was the president during the time of Civil War. This meant that he was tasked with the responsibility of getting America through the war in one piece, or as close to it as possible. During the war, he had two main goals- one, to preserve the Union and, two, to abolish slavery. These goals did not stay the same during the war, however they did remain close. President Abraham Lincoln’s goals in the civil war were changed because of Lincoln’s use of humor, literary ability, and desire to keep conflict to a minimum. Lincoln’s use of humor in politics allowed him to be persuasive and make points, in turn providing him with a better chance to preserve the Union during the war.†¦show more content†¦Lincoln’s love of Shakespeare grew out of his love of fine writing [...] he worked hard to improve his own vocabulary, grammar, and lucidity of expression.5 These elements factored into Lincoln’s intellectual status over time. It has even been said that Lincoln had the most literary merit out of all past presidents of that time. This allowed him to attract many more followers because of his scholarly reputation. Lincoln’s education did not always help him, though. For instance, it was noted that his decisions to supply Fort Sumter and his later call for troops led to the secession of four more southern states.6 In turn, this later affected Lincoln’s alternate goal of preserving the Union as well, with four more states leaving and further splitting up the United States. Nevertheless, Lincoln was undeniably an extremely strong reader and writer. Thinking in the long term, Lincoln’s academic merit aided him in gaining many followers and much support, allowing him to better achieve his goals during the Civil War. Although Lincoln mostly favored the side of the Union, slavery was not totally abolished, due to his desire to cause the least amount of conflict possible. Many have said that the Emancipation Proclamation freed all slaves. However, thatShow MoreRelatedAbraham Lincoln Rhetorical Analysis988 Words   |  4 Pagesprincipal technique used in uniting a nation such as the United States is electing respected leaders. Abraham Lincoln and George Washington are respected leaders featured in the works that described their aims to unite the nation. Abraham Lincoln illustrated how he was extremely â€Å"devoted †¦ to saving the union† and that is the dominant rationale for him becoming president for the second time (Lincoln 13). Inscribed within Lincoln’s speech was pathos, which was used to prove that he had a goal and heRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Gettysburg Address By Abraham Lincoln813 Words   |  4 PagesKatrina Ta Giang 22 December 2017 AP Language and Composition(7) Mrs. Faumuina Speech Analysis Essay: The Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln â€Å"The Battle of Gettysburg, fought from July 1 to July 3, 1863, is considered the most important engagement of the American Civil War†(History). It was a battle in Gettysburg Pennsylvania, consisting of the Union Army and the Confederate Army. The main purpose behind this battle was due to â€Å"Robert E. Lees plan to invade the North and force an immediateRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Speech939 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Four score and seven years ago†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the first six words of the famous speech given by Abraham Lincoln on November 19, 1863. Considering the brevity and simplicity of the speech, this powerful masterpiece has impacted citizens of the United States for generations. By further analysis, I have found a few tricks that give this piece its’ powerful punch. I propose the wise use of timing, emotion and rhetorical devices used in his speech all contributed to creating this legendary dialogue. First, theRead MoreRhetoric al Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Gettysburg Address1564 Words   |  7 PagesA rhetorical analysis explores nonfictional works and determine if the techniques used make the piece effective (Texas AM University). The Gettysburg Address is one of the most notorious speeches. A rhetorical analysis of this legendary speech would reveal the key components that made it so prominent. The evaluation of the genre, and rhetorical devices, ethos, pathos, and logos, in the speech show how the piece was effective. Abraham Lincoln is one of the most renowned presidents in history. DuringRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Speech860 Words   |  4 PagesOn March 4, 1865 Abraham Lincoln addressed the American populous for a second time, in what was known as his second inaugural address, marking his second term in presidency, and his second address attending to a divided and strained nation. As the Civil War marched closer to resolution the American populous wished for someone or so mething to blame: A target to vent the pains of the nation’s conflict, yet instead of condemnation of either side Lincoln offered the concept of inclusion: neither wishedRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Gettysburg Address 1669 Words   |  7 PagesFinal Take-Home Questions AUHIS 454: the Civil War Zoraa Lutas QUESTION 1 Abraham Lincoln speech given at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania on November 19, 1863 was described by Senator Charles Sumner, in 1865, stating â€Å"the battle itself was less important than the speech.† Explain. U.S. President Abraham Lincoln was not given the spotlight at the Soldiers’ National Cemetery on November 19, 1863, and was instead invited to give a few remarks. In fact Edward Everett’s speech would have been the officialRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Gettysburg Address981 Words   |  4 Pagesstatement in which Abraham Lincoln started â€Å"The Gettysburg Address†.152 years ago, Lincoln delivered this well-known speech in front of an audience who was searching for help during a time of war. Some may believe it was not an inspiration why others will say it was. To some Americans, it might have even brought faith. Just like any other work, this essay was composed of a rhetorical situation and rhetorical devices; which can be broken down into specific factors. The rhetorical situation and devicesRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Second Inaugural Address1234 Words   |  5 PagesTiana Lanier Professor Lara Chapman Rhetorical Communication: A Theory of Civil Discourse July 7th, 2015 Rhetorical Discourse in Two Distinct Pieces of Work; Abraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address Emily Dickinson’s Success is Counted Sweetest Rhetoric is often denoted to as the art of persuasion. A set of linguistic traits and semantics used to evoke emotional responses from its intended audience, opening the floor for unanticipated influence by said audience. It would be an atrocity to ignoreRead MoreAbraham Lincoln : The Great Emancipator1590 Words   |  7 PagesSarmiento 6 Abraham Lincoln: The Great Emancipator During Abraham Lincoln’s presidency, the United States was divided into North and South, who were at war with one another. Recognizing the nation needed a determined leader to guide them into prosperity, Lincoln devised his plan for success. Lincoln’s attempts to preserve the North, while uniting them with the South seemed to be failing as the war continued throughout his first term. Once Lincoln got reelected in 1864, he set out to succeed inRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Essay examples842 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Rhetorical Analysis Abraham Lincoln’s â€Å"Second Inaugural Address† and Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"Success is Counted Sweet,† are two inspirational pieces of art that fall under two different types of discourses. The â€Å"Second Inaugural Address,† is a great example and definition of what Rhetoric is. It encompasses all four resources of languages- argument, appeal, arrangement, and artistic devices. â€Å"Success is Counted Sweet,† doesn’t cover the four resources of language that apply to rhetoric; therefore, it

St.Michael Free Essays

â€Å"St. Michael the Archangel† For my saint, I picked Saint Michael the Archangel. I picked St. We will write a custom essay sample on St.Michael or any similar topic only for you Order Now Michael because Michael is my middle name. Saint Michael is a name meaning â€Å"He who is like God† in Hebrew. He is said to be placed over all the angels. He is the Patron Saint of soldiers, security guards, and sick people. Saint Michael is one of the seven archangels, him being one of the three mention in the Bible. He is the leader of the army of God during the Lucifer upraising. It is said by Pope Gregory the Great â€Å"Whenever some act of wondrous power must be performed, Michael is sent, so that his action and his name may make it clear that no one can do what God does by his superior power. † Saint Michael is one of the principal angels. In Latin, the word â€Å"Angel† means messenger, such as a Jeanne-Nicole Saint-Laurent, who earned her doctorate in religious studies from Brown University in June 2009, has been named assistant professor of religious studies at Saint Michael’s College, starting this fall semester. Dr. Saint-Laurent was a junior fellow at Dumbarton Oaks Research Library in Washington, D. C. , for the 2008-2009 academic year where she researched and completed her dissertation, titled â€Å"Apostolic Memories: Religious Differentiation and the Construction of Orthodoxy in Syriac Missionary Literature. † A specialist in Early Christianity: Christianity in Late Antiquity and Syriac Studies, Dr. Saint-Laurent will be teaching Eastern and Oriental Orthodoxies and Early Christianity this semester, and probably Christianity, Past and Present next semester. Dr. Saint-Laurent earned her bachelor’s degree summa cum laude in religious studies and classics from Gonzaga University of Spokane, Wash. , in 2000. She earned a master’s degree in early Christian studies from the University of Notre Dame in 2002 with a thesis titled â€Å"The Vita Tradition of Ephrem the Syrian: a Hagiographical and Theological Analysis. † She was a Fulbright Scholar in Austria in 2002-2003, studying at the Theologische Facultat of Salzburg University on a project titled â€Å"Christianity in Late-Antique Austria: A Social History. † I see myself as starting a new journey that I have always wanted to take-it’s been my dream really,† Dr. Saint-Laurent said about coming to a college like Saint Michael’s. â€Å"I feel very grateful to be here, especially for the all the nice people. † She said her goal was to teach in a small Catholic college where she could work closely with students on texts from the ancient Chr istian world, and continue her passion for research. â€Å"I hope to instill in my students appreciation of Eastern Mediterranean Christian cultures and history, a greater knowledge of the early Christian church,† she said. I heard about Saint Michael’s from my father, a French Canadian, who grew up in the Northeast, and always spoke of this special little college in Vermont,† she said. Dr. Saint-Laurent has published a coauthored essay, â€Å"Tools of the Trade: Instrumenta Studiorum,† in the book Oxford Handbook of Early Christianity (2008), and a solo-authored essay, â€Å"Early Christianity in Late Antique Austria: Eugippius and Severinus,† in Studia Patristica (2006). She has published a book review in Religious Studies Review, and six reports on conferences in Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies (four reports), E-Gorgias, and Syriac Dialogue. She has presented papers at 18 conferences or scholarly meetings, many for the Patristic Society or Syriac conferences. She has also given numerous talks to community groups, church gatherings and retreats on such topics as Early Christianity, Female Mystics in the Medieval Church, History of Monasticism, Saints throughout the Ages, Martyrs and Monastics, Women in the Early Syriac Church, and more. Dr. Saint-Laurent, a resident of Winooski, has run four marathons and loves running. She is also a classical singer and hopes to get involved with a choral group. Saint Michael’s College is a distinctive Catholic liberal arts college that provides an education with a social conscience, producing graduates with the intellectual tools they need to lead a successful, purposeful life that will contribute to peace and justice in our world. Founded in 1904 by the Society of St. Edmund and headed by President John J. Neuhauser, Saint Michael’s is identified by the Princeton Review as one of the nation’s Best 371 Colleges, ranking as 9th among institutions in Quality of Life and 2nd in Town-Gown Relations. It is one of only 270 colleges and universities nationwide, and one of only 20 Catholic colleges, with a Phi Beta Kappa chapter on campus. Saint Michael’s has 1,900 undergraduate students, some 250 graduate students and 100 international students. In recent years Saint Michael’s students and professors have received Rhodes, Woodrow Wilson, Pickering, Guggenheim, Fulbright, National Science Foundation and other grants, and its professors have been named Vermont Professor of the Year in four of the last nine years. The college is currently listed as one of the nation’s Best Liberal Arts Colleges in the 2009 U. S. News World Report rankings. Saint Michael’s is located just outside of Burlington, Vermont, one of America’s top college towns.  ©2011 Saint Michael’s College One Winooski Park, Colchester, Vermont, USA 05439 | 802. 654. 2000 | Privacy Policy Web site Powered by ActiveCampustm Software by Datatel How to cite St.Michael, Papers

Assessment of Australian Agricultural Company †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Assessment of Australian Agricultural Company. Answer: Introduction Australian Agricultural Company Ltd is engaged in the production and selling of beef in Australia. The company is engaged in ownership, operation, and development of the pastoral properties that includes the production of beef, backgrounding and cattle processing and production of various other beef. This company has strong aim to be a global icon in the premium product of beef (AAC, 2016). AACo is striving to attain a formidable position in the market and hence, is executing strategy for the enhancement of the operational efficiency. Assessment of accounting policies and estimates It can be seen from the financials of the company that assumptions, estimates, and judgments are regularly evaluated with respect to contingent liabilities, revenue, assets, and liabilities. The company bases its estimates and judgments on experiences and other factors that are believed to be reasonable based on the scenario, and the result of which forms the basis of the carrying amounts of liabilities and assets that are not apparent from the sources. In relation to significantaccounting policies of the company, it can be viewed that its property, plant, and equipment (PPE) are recorded at historical cost minus accumulated impairment losses and depreciation (AAC, 2016). Such expenses comprise of the cost of replacing parts that are effectively eligible for capitalization during the occurrence of the expense of replacing the parts. Besides, the assets of the company are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life of the asset. Further, the company assesses su ch lives continuously (Lusardi Mitchell, 2013). Furthermore, in relation to trade and other payables, the same are carried at amortized cost and owing to their short-term nature, the same is not discounted. Nevertheless, within thirty days of recognition, the unsecured trade payables are paid off while others are paid within ninety days. The nextaccounting policy is associated with borrowings wherein the company identifies its borrowings on the date of the trade when the company becomes a party to the contractual instrument provisions. Moreover, during discharge of such obligations, the same borrowings are derecognized. On a whole, the borrowings are recognized at fair value fewer transaction expenses that are attributable to the issue of various instruments and are measured at amortized cost (Davies Green, 2013). Lastly, in relation to consumables and other inventories, the company values the same at lower of cost and total realizable value. Further, the cost is ascertained based on an average cost basis and consists of purchase cost including transportation costs. In the ordinary course of business, the net realizable value forms the basis for the computation of estimated selling price less estimated completion price and estimated costs required to make the sale. Overall, the company also offers important details regarding judgments on lease assets and liabilities in its notes to financial statements (Ball et. al, 2012). The companys estimates of suchaccounting policies depend on various past factors and other concerns that are not visible in the other segments of the annual report. However, estimates that can result in a material risk of adjustment in the carrying amounts of the liabilities and assets of the company form part of the financial statements. In relation to the above policies and estimates, it can be seen that TPI Enterprises Ltd also takes into account the same in order to continue its affairs. For instance, in relation to PPE, the company measures its items of PPE at cost minus accumulated impairment losses and depreciation. Further, its PPE are depreciated on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. Therefore, it can be said that the competitors of the company use such policies and estimates and there is surely some flexibility in the estimates and policies as it allows it to sustain in the market especially with such huge competition (AAC, 2016). Overall, theaccounting policy and strategy adopted by the company is sufficient and effective enough to allow it enhance its affairs in the proper direction. However, it can be witnessed from the financial statements of Australian Agricultural Company that financial instruments were not properly disclosed in the annual report based on AASB 9 standards. This po tential red flag can make the company lag behind. Furthermore, based on the AASB recommendations, it can also be viewed that the company has not reported on the major responsibilities of its key managerial personnel who plays a key role in governing the entire procedure of business. Apart from such issue, the annual report does not accommodate any other red flag. Assessment of the quality of accounting Accounting has become clearly political in nature with the due passage of time and several pressures play a key role in influencing the accounting environment. Furthermore, the amounts provided by an accountant have a direct effect on the financial aspect of the company. Hence, the accounting rules have in turn a direct effect on the behavior of humans. The statement depicted by the Australian Agricultural Company clearly shows that the annual report of a company can easily misguide the decisions of investors and can influence many others too (AAC, 2016). Thus, it is the prior duty of the interested parties to trace the safety of the financial score of the company. Hence, this shows that the process is clearly political in nature. Furthermore, it can also be observed that the setting of accounting standard can be a product accommodated with actions that are clearly politically based. This is because of the fact that social decisions rely on such standards and these can exert pressure on the restrictions and as a result, must be accepted by the influenced parties. Besides, attaining acceptance is clearly a complicated process that requires marketing skills in the area of politics. Nonetheless, the disclosure restriction can be considered as the outcome of political pressure that prevails betwixt the setters of standards and the managers. Furthermore, a status quo is always present that focuses on the standards of the past tenure. Moreover, the management plays a role in taking rational decisions after the standard-setters frame a new regulation proposal. However, after a huge denial, the proposal is directly rejected because the standard setters lose their control over the matter and thereafter, a new proposal is framed that is enhanced over the status quo (AAC, 2016). Overall, the major concern that can be seen from the case of this company is that political accountability does not produce a standard-setter that can assist in the maximization of regulations of welfare. Thus, in relation to this, it can be seen that accounting choices can easily assist an entity in gaining exposure, thereby playing a role in assisting the stakeholders and related parties to ob tain an enhanced view of the entity. Furthermore, adoption of proper and efficient policies can also assist in better decision-making. Overall, disclosures are the need of the hour that can enable the parties to ascertain the actions and strategies of a company so that an enhanced perception can be gained regarding the matter. Investigative report Major accounting policies selection Australian Agriculture Co. manages the risks associated with the financial exposure in accordance with their financial risk management policy. The board has authorized the audit and risk management committee to identify and control the risks associated with the finance. Different methods are used by Australian Agriculture Co. to manage different types of risks exposure (AAC, 2016). The various risks which arise from the financial instruments used by Australian Agriculture Co. are liquidity risks, interest rate risks, credit risks, foreign currency risks and commodity risks. Liquidity Risks The financial liabilities and the ability of the company to pay its dues timely i.e. as and when it falls due leads to the liquidity risks. The liquidity crunch can be mitigated if the company keeps a close watch on the expected monthly cash inflows and outflows. Australian Agriculture Co. main objective is to keep a balance between the continuous funding and the flexibility which the company enjoys through convertible notes, bank loans, and financial leases. Due to both the operating and financing activities, Australian Agriculture Co. faces an exposure to the counterparty credit risk. The changes in the counterparty credit risks materially do not impact the effectiveness of derivatives in hedge relationships. Interest Rate Risks The Treasury policy of Australian Agriculture Co. maintains half of its borrowings at fixed interest rates. These interests are amortized over the period of the borrowed funds. The company uses a combination of both the variable and fixed rate debt. At specified intervals, the company also enters into interest rate swaps that are the difference between the fixed interest rate and the variable interest rates. The company keeps on analysis its exposure to interest rates by continuously reviewing the combination of fixed and variable interest rates, renewals of its existing financial positions and alternative financing. Australian Agricultural Co entered into interest rate swaps for $200 million in 2014. As per the expiry date of the bank facility, the swap was expiring on 30th of June 2018. The accounting standards requirement was also met by the company with respect to the hedge accounting as the interest rate swaps were designated as effective (AAC, 2016). After the interest rate swaps also 70% of the borrowings of the company was carrying a fixed rate of interest. Credit Risks Financial assets of the company comprise of trade, cash, derivate instruments and other receivables of the company. The credit risks arising from the financial assets of the company. Australian Agriculture Co. does not hold any credit derivatives which can offset its exposure to credit. Australian Agriculture Co. faces its major credit risk in Australia and that too in the meat processing industry (Williams, 2012). The company has a limited number of customers who are quality customers and maintains a strong relationship with them. The company frequently maintains a check on the receivable balances as a result of which the company has not faced any significant bad debt issues. In order to lower its credit risks the company also pays the insurance premium on an annual basis in respect of certain overseas sales (Samaha Dahaway, 2010). Accounting flexibility Assessment It can be witnessed from the annual report of AAC Ltd that its inventory values can easily provide accounting flexibility to the managers so that they can utilize the same for the benefit of the management. The reason behind this can be attributed to the fact that its inventories are measured in terms of net realizable value that can easily provide some flexibility to the managers because it relies on an estimated factor. Therefore, such accounting flexibility is clearly open for distortion by the managers as they can manipulate the income of the company by decreasing its expenses so that the EBITDA is automatically enhanced. As a result, the investors can be easily misguided and the managers can easily obtain benefit from the same. Hence, such flexibility must be lessened to an extent that can minimize the chance of distortion by managers (Needles Powers, 2013). Accounting strategy Assessment The companies Act of 2006 is adhered to by thee Australia Agriculture Company and other General Accepted Accounting policies are followed. The entire industry follows the same accounting policies and hence, the peers and the competitors are following the same action. The historical cost conventions are utilized by the company (Nobes Parker, 2010). Managers should be provided with the correct compensation so that there is no fraud and the decision making is on a continuous basis. As per the annual report, it can neb commented that the policies and the estimate were regularly followed by the company (Harrison Colle, 2010). Disclosure quality Assessment Financial disclosure on income statement, liabilities, and assets are very significant because these offer adequate insights on the accrual system of accounting. Moreover, in relation to the annual report of Australian Agricultural Company Ltd, it can be seen that the company has not only disclosed material information relating to its accounting policies in line but also provided relevant footnotes to support the same. It can be seen that the new amendments have been made in the year 2015 for the proper presentation of financial statements. Disclosures regarding such amendments have been adequately offered so that the company can efficiently portray comprehensive income of the present year (AAC, 2016). The company in its annual report has also disclosed the requirements of the consolidated financial statements through AASB 10 standards. The company has also disclosed important details of its joint arrangements that have been conducted through the utilization of some other vehicles. F urthermore, it has also disclosed interests in other companies wherein the direct company business is not related to its major operation in the reporting period. (Hanlon et. al, 2014) The company in its annual report also portrays the disclosed items such as improvement in the economic and operation-related financial issues. Besides, important disclosures relating to payables, receivables, inventories, and derivatives are also disclosed by the company in its annual report. Further, adequate footnotes have been given in relation to all these disclosures in order to make sure that the provision of such information does not misguide users. In addition, proper footnotes in relation to the recognition system of PPE (Property, Plant, and Equipment) together with their impairment values have also been provided for better understanding. Nonetheless, it can be easily said that the disclosures made by the company is adequate in nature and the footnotes that are associated with the same are sufficient to assist the users in proper decision-making. However, if the company had not been negligent in the provision of information relating to its financial instruments in the annual report, then the disclosures would be more efficient in nature (Ormiston Fraser, 2013). Nevertheless, in relation to segment reporting, the company has not provided relevant details regarding its segments in the financial report. The reason behind this can be attributable to the fact that under the new reporting framework, the same has not been presented because of variation in the structure of financial details offered to the board of directors and the senior management. In contrast to this, the company has reported adequate disclosures of its segments in the Appendix 4E that can be accessed by the users from the respective website of the company (www.asx.com.au). Besides, the only reportable segment to the KMP done by the company is defined in AASB 8, being the sale and production of beef. The company has not disclosed other segments and they are available at the companys website. Overall, the framework of GAAP does not entirely reflect the key measurement of the companys success even though the company has properly facilitated some material disclosures ( Meeks Swann, 2009). Potential Red Flag When it comes to the operations and the functioning it can be said that the company has managed the affair in a proper fashion. But there are some red flags in the annual report. The financial statement of the Australian Agricultural company projects that the financial tools are not disclosed in the annual report. The organization should follow the standard of AASB 9 however; there is a deficiency in this regard. Moreover, the AASB recommendations states that the company should report the responsibilities of the key managerial personnel however this part is missing. Conceptual frameworks compliance It can be seen from the annual report of Australian Agricultural Company Ltd that it has properly complied with the requirements of the conceptual framework in order to make sure that its reporting quality is adequately enhanced. For such purpose, the company has adhered to all the required qualitative characteristics of the conceptual framework, which is a positive indicator in terms of corporate financial reporting (Ormiston Fraser, 2013). For example, in relation to materiality concept, it can be seen that the company has complied with the ASX Corporate Governance Principles and Recommendations to make sure that the independence of directors is properly evaluated by the Board and that may possess an ability to influence the decision-making ability of the users. Furthermore, the company has also offered significant information regarding its reportable segments that are material in nature, and that can easily mold the decisions of users. In addition, for compliance with the faithfu l representation concept, it can be seen that the company has disclosed the statement of its directors wherein they exert that the financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the Corporations Act 2001. Moreover, for assurance of such statement, the directors have disclosed that the company has adhered to section 295A of the Corporations Act 2001 to make sure that the financial information forming part of the annual report are faithfully represented and does not accommodate any fraud or errors. Furthermore, in relation to the fulfillment of relevance in the annual report, the company has disclosed material details of the various risks encountered by it so that the stakeholders can easily ascertain the kinds of risks that pose a threat to the affairs of the company. With the provision of such information, the quality of reliability can also be fulfilled because after knowing the kinds of risk that surround the company, they are in an efficient capability to determine wh ether they should invest in the company or not (Ibrahim et. al, 2013). Besides, the company has also disclosed information regarding its other income apart from its major income so that its effectiveness in the market with respect to such segment can be ascertained and thereafter, investment decisions can be easily facilitated on the part of investors. Furthermore, it can also be seen from the annual report of the company that the concept of prudence, which is a revision of the conceptual framework for financial reporting, has also been fulfilled (Hribar et. al, 2014). This can be proved by the fact that the company has attempted to disclose that its impairment losses are assessed and reviewed regularly in order to make sure that the amortization figures are not overstated. Hence, this is the prudence concept that allows a company to make sure that its income and assets are not overstated, and liabilities and expenses are not understated (Brochet et. al, 2013). Therefore, on a whole , it can be easily seen that the qualitative characteristics of corporate reporting have been adequately fulfilled by the company, which further ensures that the financial information in the statements is surely compliant with the requirements of the conceptual framework (Brochet et. al, 2013). Besides, this may assist the company in enhancing its goodwill in the market because adherence to the conceptual framework not only maximizes the quality of reporting but also caters to various needs of the users to allow them in making proper decisions. Conclusion Going by the overall discussion of AACo it can be stated that the company adheres to the framework and the accounting regulations thereby the disclosures are strong in this regard. It needs to be noted that the organization has complied with all the accounting policies that make it effective. Further, the accounting policy is directly in tune to the organizations performance. Further, it is noted that the supply chains are strengthened and the organization has taken strong initiatives for the up gradation of the logistics. Moreover, it has made the proper investment in the field of technology and innovation thereby the efficiency of the company has increased considerably. Some red flag was noted in the course of activity however, it can be said that a big organization may fail to have some operations in place and hence, it cannot be tagged as the downfall. References AAC 2016, Australian Agriculture Company annual report and accounts 2016, viewed 28 September 2017 https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReports/PDF/ASX_AAC_2016.pdf Ball, R., Jayaraman, S Shivakumar, L 2012, Audited financial reporting and voluntary disclosure as complements: A test of the confirmation hypothesis, Journal of Accounting and Economics, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 136-166. Brochet, F, Jagolinzer, A. D, Riedl, E. J 2013, Mandatory IFRS adoption and financial statement comparability, Contemporary Accounting Research,vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1373-1400. Davies, H Green, D 2013, Global Financial Regulation: The Essential Guide. John Wiley Sons. Hanlon, D, F. Navissi G Soepriyanto 2014, The value relevance of deferred tax attributed to asset revaluations, Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 87-99. Harrison, W Colle, D 2010, Stakeholder Theory, State of the Art, Cambridge University Press Hribar, P., Kravet, T Wilson, R 2014, A new measure of accounting quality, Review of Accounting Studies,vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 506-538. Ibrahim M, Sweiti Dr. Osama F Attayah 2013, Critical Factors Influencing Voluntary Disclosure: The Palestine Exchange PEX, Global Journal of Management and Business Lusardi, A Mitchell, O. S 2013, The economic importance of financial literacy: Theory and evidence. National Bureau of Economic Research. Meeks, G Swann, G.M 2009, Accounting standards and the economics of standards, Accounting and Business Research, International Accounting Policy Forum, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 23-44 Needles, B.E. Powers, M 2013, Principles of Financial Accounting, Francisco: Mc Graw-Hill Nobes, C Parker, R 2010, Comparative International Accounting, FT Prentice Hall. Ormiston, A Fraser, L. M 2013, Understanding financial statements, Pearson Education. Research Finance, vol. 13 no. 6, pp. 9-15 Samaha, K. Dahaway, K 2010, Factory influencing corporate disclosure transparency, in the active share trading firms: An Explanatory study, Research in Emerging Economies, vol. 10, pp. 87-118. Williams, J 2012, Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Mario Puzos The Godfather free essay sample

An analysis of the 1969 novel. This paper presents an analysis of the novel by Mario Puzo, The Godfather on which the 1972 film of the same name was based. Parallels are drawn between Mafia life and aspects of family life and politics in the non-Mafia world through an examination of character, setting and themes in the novel. Today, with the popularity of The Sopranos on HBO and the widespread regard given to the film version of The Godfather, it is important to go back and review the actual text the film The Godfather was based on. The 1969 book The Godfather, by Mario Puzo, illustrates persuasively to the reader that the Mafia is not simply about crime, murder, and corruption. Rather the Mafia is an organization that has parallels with other aspects of family and political life. By understanding these parallels and the complexities of the characters described in the novel, the reader gradually comes to an uncomfortable awareness about the tensions and the difficulties in his or her own, non-Mafia family and political world. We will write a custom essay sample on Mario Puzos The Godfather or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Reflection On Placement Experience In Womens Centre Social Work Essay Essays

Reflection On Placement Experience In Womens Centre Social Work Essay Essays Reflection On Placement Experience In Womens Centre Social Work Essay Essay Reflection On Placement Experience In Womens Centre Social Work Essay Essay The Ipswich Womens Centre Against Domestic Violence is a womens rightist community based administration committed to working towards the riddance of domestic and household force throughout the community. The primary focal point of IWCADV is to supply support to adult females and kids subsisters of domestic and household force. This includes telephone information, referral and support services, tribunal support for adult females, reding services, group work and kids s work. During my placement experience as a adult females s counselor at IWCADV I foremost spent a few hebdomads developing my apprehension of the issues involved in domestic force and the systems that are in topographic point to back up adult females and kids who are subsisters of domestic and household force. My cognition of the issues impacting adult females and kids sing domestic and household force includes an apprehension of the emotional impacts of maltreatment ( such as feelings of heartache and loss, choler, guilt, depression, injury ) , the loss of personal and physical security, safety concerns, the fiscal costs, household jurisprudence and other legal issues, and power and control instabilities in relationships. I have developed my cognition of the issues impacting adult females and kids sing domestic and household force in my university surveies and my work experience. The apprehension that I gained from my University surveies was enhanced during my pupil arrangement at the Ipswich Women s Centre Against Domestic Violence. It was here that I developed my apprehension of feminist positions on domestic and household force, including the person, familial, legal and societal issues. In this function I was able to develop my apprehension of womens rightist informed practises and techniques. I support this model for pattern as it can authorise adult females and assist them happen their voice, promoting adult females who have experienced the loss of control to do picks about their ain life and to take duty for their life picks and to take back control. I worked from within a feminist model to authorise the client to happen her voice and to detect her worth and do her ain picks. In my function as a pupil counselor at IWCADV I provided crisis support and protagonism work to adult females who have experienced domestic and household force. During the get downing guidance Sessionss, I found it was rather hard to ever follow the narrative and put way for the guidance. I took a strengths based narrative attack and normally after 2 -3 Sessionss a clearer image had developed of the client s experience with domestic force, and this continued to blossom throughout the guidance Sessionss. One of the most personally rewarding facets of my reding experience was the chance to research and see symbol and sand tray therapy. I spent some clip reading Sandplay and Symbol Work Emotional healing and personal development with kids, striplings and grownups by Mark Pearson and Helen Wilson to fix for my personal experience with symbols and sand tray therapy during my professional supervising Sessionss. I so had the chance to present one of my reding clients to the sand tray. Whilst I did hold feelings of uncertainness about my ability to ease the procedure, I did experience comfy plenty with the scene and with my client to make a safe topographic point for self-discovery and self-awareness. She was really unfastened to the procedure and we both found this to be an gratifying and meaningful experience. My client reported that this was a really positive experience for her and allowed her to treat some of her experiences with domestic force and that it was a discovery for her in fo otings of larning to accept and value herself. I felt that it was an honor to portion this portion of my client s journey. With another client who was directed by the Department of Child Safety to go to guidance, puting the way for each session was more hard. I did non believe that this adult female was ready to research some of the emotional issues related to the injury that she had experienced as a consequence of long term domestic force. I was encouraged by her regular attending and I believe that this was a consequence of my increasing ability to develop resonance. I was able to develop good resonance with my clients by being non-judgemental, utilizing unfastened ended inquiries and appropriate organic structure linguistic communication. I believe that my accomplishment in developing resonance is reflected by the feedback and regular attending to reding Sessionss by my clients. I did battle with stoping the Sessionss on clip and often found that Sessionss with some clients were running over 1.5 hours long. I spoke with some of the other workers at the service about this and they agreed that it could be hard particularly when adult females are researching really painful issues and that it was of import to be sensitive but direct when shuting a guidance session. The group supervising times that I was included in at IWCADV were besides really honoring and animating times for me. The other workers at the service were all really passionate adult females with a strong committedness to authorising adult females and altering community attitudes about force towards adult females. During group supervising at that place was chance and support for workers to reflect on their ain feelings of desperation and weakness, and at that place was encouragement to widen and portion your cognition and apprehension of the issues associating to domestic and household force. The group times were besides really honoring squad edifice occasions and there is a strong committedness at the service to back uping one another. For illustration, I found that after long phone calls or after a guidance session, another worker would check-in with me to supply any support and to reply any inquiries that I had.

5 Tips That Will Help You Get a Job With No Experience

5 Tips That Will Help You Get a Job With No Experience Getting a job, especially in a field that’s relatively new to you, can be fraught with confusion and contradictions. Perhaps the Catch-22-est of them all: everyone wants to hire someone with experience, but how do you get that experience if no one will hire you? You know you’re ready and qualified for these jobs, but without prior experience it’s hard to convince hiring managers glancing at a resume. It’s incredibly frustrating, especially when you’re just starting out in a new field (or trying to).   1. Get Moral SupportFirst things first: you’re not alone. Discouraged job hunters often turn to online social forums like Reddit to see if others are experiencing the same job search pain. There’s comfort in numbers, of course, but more importantly, people are able to share their own experiences and even offer solutions that ended up working.  2. Market Your  ExperienceSometimes, it’s a matter of sending your cover letter and resume to 100  different places until the right job without experience comes along, especially in a tough market. But more likely, you’re unwittingly sabotaging yourself by limiting how you present your experience. Experience comes in many different forms, and although employers tend to prize paid experience above all else, look at your resume and see if you’re unintentionally selling yourself short. Maybe you don’t have three years in a paid role, but you do have a year-long internship doing much of the same role. Ditto for skills you use in a volunteer job or in an educational setting.Make sure your resume is clear on your skills that overlap with the job you want- and if that means tailoring your resume for each job opening, go for it. You can also call out this point in the cover letter, saying you have extensive experience in X skill in a similar office setting.  3.  Be Open to Starting From the BottomGetting the full-time paid gig in your chosen fie ld will almost always be the gold standard. It’s likely what you’re seeking, but if you’re having trouble breaking into the industry, there might be a back door. Many companies seek temporary or part-time employees to work on short-term projects or to screen potential candidates for a permanent position. Being a â€Å"temp† can feel like a step back when you have your heart set on a full-on career-starting position, but don’t count it out.I had this experience when I moved to a new city, degree in hand, and no job. Entry-level jobs in my target field (book publishing) were hard to come by at the time, and unfortunately â€Å"career goals† can’t pay the rent. So I signed up with a local staffing agency and moved through a number of temporary positions over the next few years. Not all of them were in publishing, but every single job gave me necessary workplace skills and experience that eventually helped me get on the path I wanted.It c an seem like you’re giving up on your goals to take a temporary or part-time position, when really you’re repositioning yourself to be a better candidate for the right job.  4.  Network in Your IndustryDoes your target field have a professional association or union? Dig a little deeper and start researching what the resources are in your industry. If there are public networking events or social events, go! Meet new people, and start building relationships and shoring them up via LinkedIn or other social media. You may not get a job right away, but worst case, you’ll have spent an evening learning from people who share your professional interests- and they might remember your name as that awesome person who didn’t have decades of experience but showed great initiative and knowledge at that party a few months ago.  5. Look for the needle in the haystack.Take a close look at companies in your industry- it’s possible that some do offer training o r experience-building positions for people without prior experience. You can also contact human resources departments in your industry and ask them about training and entry-level opportunities offered by the company. It will help you get a better sense of the â€Å"friendly† opportunities for your level of experience and help you focus your search accordingly.Don’t let a lack of experience daunt you. Everyone, in every industry, has to start somewhere. There are breaks available, really. And while it can be frustrating to wait, you can take proactive steps to make sure you’re ready to take advantage when opportunities do come up.

Research proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Research proposal - Essay Example In this research proposal, therefore, attentive oral hygiene is a significant part of VAP prevention approach; though there is a difference in the real practice for particular application technique, products utilized, and timing prevent development of VAP. The participants will be ICU adults receiving mechanical ventilation who are in need of regular oral care hygiene. The problem is that there are no definite recommendations in the guidelines about a specific solution to be utilized and the frequency of oral care. A research in an ICU suggest that performing oral care thrice a day with routine tooth brushing minimized the rate of pathogenic bacteria colonization in the oral cavity that resulted in a remarkable reduction in the prevalence of VAP (Ebbing, 2010). In recent studies, use of 2% chlorhexidine solution as the oral care hygiene technique in ventilated patients indicated a lower rate in oropharyngeal colonization with gram-negative bacilli and therefore, a reduction in the de velopment of VAP (Ebbing, 2010). The research topic is ‘what is the most efficient intervention to reduce ventilator associated pneumonia in adult ICU patients; use of antiseptic agent (chlorhexidine) or performing oral care (using toothbrushes or toothpaste)?’ The tooth brushing technique will involve the use of a soft toothbrush to clean the patient’s teeth to reduce plaque. Also, the patient’s gums and tongue will be brushed to stimulate the tissues (Urden, 2014). The use of antiseptic agent chlorhexidine will be performed after a duration of 6 hours, which is a recommendation for patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. In such a case, the patient’s teeth should be cleaned before using chlorhexidine to minimize staining. However, chlorhexidine can be made less active by toothpaste if used within a period of thirty minutes to two hours. Where the two methods may be

Imagine you are a business owner; discuss debt financing, types of Assignment

Imagine you are a business owner; discuss debt financing, types of risk, beta, and investments - Assignment Example This would give you a better idea to stock only as much as you would need. For a small business the ratios can do wonders as it utilizes current cash flows to determine how much cash would be flowing in the future. Most importantly for a small business like mine the financial ratios help to identify the weaknesses and the strengths of the business. This way the retailer can have a better understanding on how to play his cards in order to make his business flourish. A few ratios that tend to be important to a small business would be income ratios, liquidity ratios, and profitability ratios. Though what seems important for a small business enterprise will not be as important for a larger business enterprise. Thus larger business corporations have to consider retailers and wholesalers, for them it’s the ratio is of total assets and total liabilities. They have manufactures and a number of other liabilities and ratios that need to be accounted for while the workings of a small business are fairly simple. Another important factor in managing small businesses that is debt financing. Most small businesses do not require large investments and so they use debt financing. Debt financing is all about taking a loan from the bank to finance the newly found business practice. Debt financing surely has its upsides and downsides. We shall discuss the upside first; debt financing allows you to have full control over your business practices unlike having a partner. Another one would be the tax benefits involved (Bragg, 2011). Another important factor would be that the amount due is fixed and so can be managed over the months’ time because it is easier to generate the amount with a target in mind. Last but not least no amount of profit generated is up for sharing. Where theres an upside theyre bound to be a downside as well. The debt financing brings along with the

The Devil’s Highway by Luis Alberto Urrea Essay Example for Free

The Devil’s Highway by Luis Alberto Urrea Essay Luis Alberto Urrea has done thorough research over the topic of illegal immigration and the problems people face while crossing the border before writing this book. Most of them die in the mid of their journey as they have to cross on foot which is very dangerous and involves a lot of risk. Urrea describes the situation and facts so lively that the reader gets completely involved and almost starts feeling the pain by which these men might have gone through. Urrea wants to point out that these illegal immigrants as human eings and wants them to be treated likely because the process of immigration takes us back into the history when men were needed in US to do some odd jobs that the citizens were not willing to do. Also these people could be paid less and thus helped indirectly in the economy of the country. But seeing some of the Mexicans well settled in US lot of them wanted to come and this gave rise to people like Don Moi to create mafia too. The Arizona desert is considered as the devil’s highway because it is deadly. Getting lost nd water are continuous problems that men face there. The description of different kinds of death makes the reader breathless and this looks quite close to reality as they tell their personal stories and the reasons behind why each one is risking his life. Urrea uses terms like ‘cutting the drag’ and explains the reader how these men carry themselves forward in that unimaginably strong sun and drag their body in extreme hot conditions. He also uses terms like ‘a pig at a luau’, which is used to describe the type of death these men were getting in that deadly desert due to heat. The ‘signcutters’ like Don Moi in the story takes away his cut of interest and leave the men in the way lost, as there are no signposts in the way to guide them. Urrea spends a lot of time on the point of view of the Border Petrol because he wants to show the real picture to the readers. He has done complete research work and has interviewed the various politicians on each side. Some of them are in favor of immigration while many want to build a high wall from one end to other end of Border. He wants to tell the reader that the common and poor people suffer due to this kind of politics. The two sides of the story tell the reality of both immigrants and the problems they face and activities involved at the border like patrolling and maintaining them. Urrea has very beautifully mixed the two stories and makes the reader feel the real picture behind what people actually think of. The Devil’s Highway’ is considered as literary nonfiction because it is a story based on acts and author has done a great job of blending reality with story. The facts are so well described in the pattern of story telling that reader actually feels pain and almost relive the story along with words used by writer. Urrea tells the story in a very fascinating way and even gives brief description of each individual, his life and reason why he wants to immigrate. This makes the story even more interesting and live. The book is ‘literary’ because reader is almost linked to facts through the story.

Tibetan Government in Exile Essay -- Tibet China History Papers

Tibetan Government in Exile The Tibetan government-in-exile functions both adequately and admirably in the role of supporting Tibetans both in exile and in Tibet. While Chinese explanations for considering Tibet a part of China are most often reasonable, they tend not to reflect the nature of the relationship between the two countries accurately. In fact, the same can be said of the Tibetan government-in-exile regarding reasons Tibet is not a part of China. The government-in-exile has acted reasonably well in its attempts to regain Tibet, proceeding in negotiations with China and advocating its cause throughout the world while maintaining a non-violent approach. However, if the government-in-exile wishes to accurately portray the history of its relations with Tibet, it will have to amend some of its misleading statements in favor of the cause of independence. Reviewing a history of the role and form of the Tibetan government as well as relations between China and Tibet will help provide the best foundation for arguments for and against considering Tibet a part of China. Many of the arguments each side presents for their cause rely on how they view the history of their relations. An interesting note regarding history is that the Tibetans have little interest in it unless it centers on religion. Tibetan monks, in fact, do not read history as they might otherwise lose time to focus on texts of religion and philosophy[1]. According to archaeologists, human settlements in the area known as Tibet started appearing between 12,000 and 6,000 BC. Until the seventh century AD, there was no written language and little organization beyond a tribal level. Attempts at establishing a clear history before the seventh century... ...ml> Knaus, John Kenneth. â€Å"Official Policies and Covert Programs: The U.S. State Department, the CIA, and the Tibetan Resistance.† Journal of Cold War Studies Summer 2003: 54-79. Piburn, Sidney, ed. The Dalai Lama, A Policy of Kindness. Ithaca, New York: Snow Lion Publications, 1990. â€Å"Promising Start for Tibetan Envoys; The Government-in-Exile is Heartened by an Apparent Softening in Attitudes.† South China Morning Post 9 June 2003: News; page 6. Shah, Dr. Giriraj. Tibet: The Himalayan Region. Dehli: Kalpaz Publications. 2003. Smith, Warren W. Tibetan Nation. Boulder: WestviewPress. 1996. â€Å"The Status of Tibet.† The Government of Tibet in Exile. 3 October 2003.. â€Å"Structure of the Tibetan Government-in-Exile.† The Government of Tibet in Exile. 3 October 2003. .

Love is Ephemeral

So much of what we do is lost and quickly forgotten, even by ourselves. In the short story, â€Å"One of His Good Days†, by Laurence Hill, defines the idea that love is ephemeral. Love is a bond between mortal beings. But what happens when that bond is broken because of an illness? Can you love someone and not be in love with them? To prove this, the author uses the literary technique known as tone to show the reader how the characters feel about their situation they are In. Another literary technique the author uses to demonstrate the theme Is characterization.Hill uses horizontally in the story by showing the actions of the characters. Therefore, Hill uses the literary techniques of tone and characterization to develop the controlling idea that love is ephemeral. Hill uses tone to show the reader how Charlotte emotions get In the way of her love for Francis. Love is a dark and intangible feeling that can expose its targets to danger, pain and suffering. After the car acciden t that Francis had, Charlotte was taking care of him and was nurturing him In any way she could. But it came to a point when Charlotte realized she was no longer his wife and only a caregiver to him.And that's when her love died for Francis. For instance, Francis wants her to stay downstairs with him for the night when she responds, â€Å"l want to sleep. Haven't slept in a month. She had hardness to her voice that he hadn't heard before he tried to look in her eyes. She turned her head away. (9). Charlotte found it suffocating to be around Francis twenty four seven looking after him as If he was a baby. She was tired and reached her limit, which Is why she couldn't look at him any longer. And when she did look at him, she would â€Å"stare at him with eyes like empty saucers†. ). It was not only Francis who was suffering, but Charlotte to, and she did not want the love for her husband to have a dark and miserable end. Hill uses characterization of Charlotte to demonstrate h ow diminishing health in the elderly, establishes leads to marital estrangement. Charlotte personality changes from warm and loving to cold and removed due to her husband's worsening health. First, Charlotte does everything In her power to ensure her husband's well being, â€Å"she cooked for him and lifted him onto the toilet and got up four times a night for him† (9).Charlotte character changes throughout the story. She starts to see her spouse more as a burden than a husband. Charlotte is exhausted and leaves her husband in the hospital's care. Charlotte visits became fewer and fewer. â€Å"At first, she visited him twice a day, then once a day, then a few times a week, and lately, once a week† (9). It was as If she no longer knew him. Charlotte marriage with her husband has failed due to his recurring disease. People Judge others when they find out a spouse have dropped of the other at the door of a hospital or nursing home. But at what cost?

Two Theories of Literacy Development

In this task I am going to identify 2 different theories of language development I am going to be doing, Naom Chomsky and Jean Piaget. Jean Piaget According to Piaget, language development is related to cognitive development, that is, the development of the child’s thinking determines when the child can learn to speak and what the child can say. For example, before a child can say, â€Å"This teddy is smaller than that one†, she/he must have developed the ability to judge differences in size.In Piaget’s view, children learn to talk ‘naturally’ when they are ‘ready’ without any deliberate teaching by adults he thinks children pick up language by repeated behavior. From doing his research into children’s language and how they think, Piaget put his theory on the idea that children do not think like adults he thought that they learnt through schemas which is repeatable behaviour which you see in children as they play and then Piaget t hought that through their play and interactions with their surroundings children build up their own understanding of the world.And Piaget thinks language development comes from logical thinking and reasoning skills. Schemas Schemas are patterns of repeatable behaviour which you might see children do everyday through play and on placements I have seen children do things on placements. Schema: Transporting I have seen most children when I’ve been at placement doing this e. g. when they carry blocks from one place to another either in a bag or trolley or when they take sane from the sand tray to the sensory area this is transporting. Rotation this is when children are fascinated by things spinning e. . the washing machine or anything with wheels they like rolling things down a hill and children enjoy spinning around or being swung around. An example of how children could learn language though schemas could be, if a chid is rolling or pushing a toy car along the floor. And it goe s under the sofa they will say something like ‘oh or its gone’ only as they do it more and more and they have influence through the environment they will become more advance in there language and later on the child will be ale to identify that its gone under the sofa.Piaget thinks children pass through 4 distinct stages: sensory motor, pre-operational; concrete operational; formal operational. Sensory-Motor Period According to Piaget’s theory he thinks children are born with basic ‘action schemas’ such as sucking and grasping. The sensory-motor period starts from birth to 2 years. This is when the children are doing their basic action schemas to take in information about the world. Piaget describes two functions of children's language: the â€Å"egocentric† and the â€Å"socialized. During the sensory-motor period, children's language is â€Å"egocentric†: they talk either for themselves or â€Å"for the pleasure of associating anyone who happens to be there with the activity of the moment. † This stage involves the use of motor activity without the use of symbols. Knowledge is limited in this stage, because it is based on physical interactions and experiences. Infants cannot predict reaction, and therefore must constantly experiment and learn through trial and error. Such exploration might include shaking a rattle or putting objects in the mouth. As they become more mobile, infants' ability to develop cognitively increases.Early language development begins during this stage. Children show that they know objects are still the when they can’t see them at 7-9 months, demonstrating that memory is developing. Infants realize that an object exists after it can no longer be seen. The pre-operational stage usually occurs between toddlerhood (18-24months) and early childhood (7 years). During this stage children begin to use language; memory and imagination also develop. In the pre-operational stage, childr en engage in make believe and can understand and express relationships between the past and the future.More complex concepts, such as cause and effect relationships, have not been learned. Intelligence is egocentric and spontaneous, not logical. The Concrete Operations Stage, this stage was believed to have affected children aged between seven and eleven to twelve years old. During this stage, the thought process becomes more rational, mature and ‘adult like', or more ‘operational', although this process most often continues well into the teenage years. Piaget claims that before the beginning of this stage, children's ideas about different objects, are ormed and dominated by the appearance of the object. For example, there appears to be more blocks when they are spread out, than when they are in a small pile. During the Concrete Operational Stage, children gradually develop the ability to ‘conserve', or learn that objects are not always the way that they appear to be. This occurs when children are able to take in many different aspects of an object, simply through looking at it. Children are able to begin to imagine different scenarios, or ‘what if' something was to happen. This is because they now have more ‘operational' thought.Children are generally first able to conserve ideas about objects with which they are most comfortable. Once children have learnt to conserve, they learn about ‘reversibility'. This means that they learn that if things are changed, they will still be the same as they used to be. For example, they learn that if they spread out the pile of blocks, there are still as many there as before, even though it looks different! Formal Operations Stage (11yrs-16yrs) Finally, in the formal operational stage of adolescence, When faced with a complex problem, the adolescent things about all possible solutions before trying them out in the real world.So when the child has passed through these stages Piaget thinks t hey are ready for the world and they will be able to sort things out throughout their life. Noam Chomsky Chomsky believes that children are born with an inherited ability to learn any human language. He claims that certain language structures which children use so accurately must be already engraved on the child’s mind. Chomsky believes that every child has a ‘language acquisition device’ or LAD which stores children’s language and structures for them to use and expand using their growing vocabulary.Chomsky points out that a child could not possibly learn a language through imitation alone because the language spoken around them is highly irregular – adult’s speech is often broken up and even sometimes ungrammatical. Chomsky’s theory applies to all languages as they all contain nouns, verbs, consonants and vowels and children appear to be ‘hard-wired’ to acquire the grammar. Every language is extremely complex, often with subtle distinctions which even native speakers are unaware of.However, all children, regardless of their intellectual ability, become fluent in their native language within five or six years. Chomsky thinks children learn language quickly and easily, and he thinks language is natural. All babies babble the same sounds, deaf babble. I’ve notice children at my placement make grammar mistakes and example would be, a child fell over in the playground and they said ‘I fellded down’ instead of saying ‘I feel down’ so Chomsky thinks children learn this themselves and we influence it as they get older because they listen to what we say and then we would say ‘oh have a fell down’.So by use saying it the correct way were hoping that the child them remembers this. Evaluation: Both Piaget and Chomsky believe that language is just something that children are born with and that it’s not through nurturing them but they believe that nurturing wil l help bring on their language and support it. Piaget thinks language development is related to cognitive development, that is, the development of the child’s thinking controls when the child can learn to speak and what the child can say.For example, before a child can say, â€Å"This teddy is smaller than that one†, she/he must have developed the ability to judge differences in size. Whereas Chomsky just thinks children will pick up the language but he believe it’s get influenced but people around but he think vocabulary has to be learned and that grammar is influenced by interaction. Chomsky he thinks children are born with all that is needed to produce language, but Piaget thinks parents and carers reinforce and therefore shape children’s language.

Skin Cancer Essays - Dermatologic Surgery, Carcinoma, RTT

Skin Cancer Essays - Dermatologic Surgery, Carcinoma, RTT Skin Cancer Every hour one American is killed by skin cancer and every thirty seconds one American gets skin cancer. Cancer is a deadly disease that alters the DNA of a skin cell and causes it to reproduce at a rapid pace. This overproduction of cells can be harmful and in many cases deadly. Out of these cancers the most common is Basal cell carcinoma. Many steps have been made in the treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma, some have been very successful and some not. The cells that have the altered DNA are called malignant or cancerous cells. These cells are found in the outer layers of the skin. The skin's main job is protect the body from infections and to insulate the body to keep it at the proper temperature. The first layer of skin is called the epidermis. This is the layer that is closest to the surface of the skin. There are three types of cells in this layer. The first is the squamace. The squamace cells are flat and scaly and are located closest to the surface of the skin. Second are the basal cells and finally are the melanocytes which give the skin its color. The second layer of skin is the dermis, which is much thicker than the epidermis. This layer contains sweat glands, nerves and blood vessels. The dermis also contains follicles which are tiny pockets from which the hair grows. (Jablonski) The most common malignant cells are the basal cells. Cancer in the basal cell is called nonmelanoma cancer. This means that the cancer did not start in the melanocytes located in the epidermis. (Prestan 1650) Basal Cell Carcinoma is caused by overexposure to the sun. The sun gives off ultraviolet rays which are harmful to the human body. Basal cell carcinoma will affect body parts such as the eyes, ears and nose. If it is detected before it gets deep into the skin there will most likely be no problem treating the cancer. The problem is when it is detected after it has progressed into the deep portions of you tissue. If Basal cell carcinoma is left untreated it can be very hard to treat and may even cause death. (Elson, 1) The common methods of treatment involve the use of Mohs micrographic surgery, radiation therapy, electrodesiccation and curettage, and simple excision. Each of these methods is useful in specific clinical situations. Depending on the case, these methods have cure rates ranging from 85% to 95%. Mohs micrographic surgery, a newer surgical technique, has the highest cure rate for surgical treatment of both primary and recurrent tumors. This method uses microscopic control to determine the extent of tumor invasion. Although Mohs micrographic surgery method is complicated and requires special training, it has the highest cure rate of all surgical treatments because the tumor is microscopically outlined until it is completely removed. While other treatment methods for recurrent basal cell carcinoma have failure rates of about 50%, cure rates have been reported at 96% when treated by Mohs micrographic surgery. (Thomas 135-142) "Mohs micrographic surgery is also indicated for tumors with poorly defined clinical borders, tumors with diameters larger than two cm, tumors with histopathologic features showing morpheaform or sclerotic patterns, and tumors arising in regions where maximum preservation of uninvolved tissue is desirable, such as eyelid, nose and finger." (Thomas 135) Next there is a treatment involving simple excision with frozen or permanent sectioning for margin evaluation. This traditional surgical treatment usually relies on surgical margins ranging from three to ten millimeters, depending on the diameter of the tumor. (Abide 492-497) Tumor recurrence is not uncommon because only a small fraction of the total tumor margin is examined pathologically. Recurrence rate for primary tumors greater than 1.5 cm in diameter is at least twelve percent within five years; if the primary tumor measures larger than three cm, the five year recurrence rate is 23.1%. Primary tumors of the ears, eyes, scalp, and nose have recurrence rates ranging from 12.9% to 25%. Third there is electrodesiccation and curettage. This method is the most widely employed method for removing primary basal cell carcinomas. Although it is a quick method for destroying tumor, adequacy of treatment cannot be assessed immediately

A Thousand Splendid Sunsâ€Discussion Questions

'A Thousand Splendid Suns'- Discussion Questions A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini is superbly written, has a page-turning story, and will help your book club learn more about Afghanistan. Use these book club discussion questions to probe deeper into the story. Spoiler Warning: These book club discussion questions reveal important details from the novel. Finish the book before reading on! Discussion Questions What did A Thousand Splendid Suns teach you about the history of Afghanistan? Did anything surprise you?Mariam’s mother says: Women like us. We endure. It’s all we have. In what ways is this true? How do Mariam and Laila endure? How is their endurance different from the ways their mothers faced their trials?Several times Mariam passes herself off as Lailas mother. In what way is their relationship like mother-daughter? How did their own relationships with their mothers shape how they treated each other and their family?What is the significance of Lailas childhood trip to see the giant stone Buddhas above the Bamiyan Valley? Why did her father take her on this trip? How did his influence shape the way Laila would cope with her future?Afghanistan changes rulers several times in the story. During the Soviet occupation, the people felt life would be better once the foreigners were defeated. Why do you think the quality of life deteriorated after the occupation rather than r eturning to the way it was in the pre-communist era? When the Taliban first enter the city, Laila does not believe women will tolerate being forced out of jobs and treated with such indignity. Why do the educated women of Kabul endure such treatment? Why are the Taliban accepted?The Taliban forbid writing books, watching films, and painting pictures; yet the film Titanic becomes a sensation on the black market. Why would people risk the Taliban’s violence to watch the film? Why do you think this particular film became so popular? How does Hosseini use films throughout the novel to symbolize relationships between people and the state of the country (i.e. Jalils theater, Tariq Lailas outings to the movies)?Were you surprised when Tariq returned? Had you suspected the depth of Rasheeds deceit?Why does Mariam refuse to call witnesses at her trial? Why didnt she try to escape with Laila and Tariq? Do you think Mariam made the right decision? Even though her life was hard, Mariam wishes for more of it in the end. Why do you think tha t is? Do you think Laila and Tariq can be happy?Afghanistan is still in the news a lot. Do you think the situation will truly improve there?Rate A Thousand Splendid Suns on a scale of 1 to 5.

Artifacts of our own cultures surround us. From art and music to Essay

Artifacts of our own cultures surround us. From art and music to architecture and literature, from philosophy and religion to laws and economics, we live among cultural artifacts that have deep roots - Essay Example The United States of America has its rich history that is being evidenced by the various artifacts that are seen in museums, which are preserved to serve as a symbol of the changes the nation has gone through the years. One of these significant artifacts is the Star-Spangled Banner, the flag that became the inspiration of Francis Scott Key in creating a poem, which is now America’s national anthem. The stars in the banner are about two feet across in size. The method used to create the cotton stars was the reverse applique’ method. The blue portion of the banner is canton or wool pigmented with indigo. There was a stain on one star that may have come from a metal buckle. Georgina Armistead Appleton sewed an inscription into the flag. Only fifteen stars were left since one star was cut out during the 1800s (Smithsonian National Museum of American History, n.d.). Wool pigmented with roots of madder plant make up its red stripes. One stripe and one star represented the fifteen states of the U.S during that period (â€Å"The Star-Spangled,† n.d.). The flag has deteriorated with its edges damaged, and it has undergone several repairs prior to reaching the Smithsonian museum, where it is now being preserved (Smithsonian National Museum of American History, n.d.). The Star-Spangled Banner is a legacy, a symbol of freedom and victory for the American people. If not because of this flag, the national anthem that America has in this day age will not be made. Americans live in a country, where there is liberty and diversity, and this is well embodied by this artifact. The banner has been made at that point in history, where the American soldiers were fighting for the country. Thus, it became a witness to some of the crucial points in American history. Americans are warriors, who value peace and benevolence. This is evidenced by the nation’s participation to worldwide

Ukraine Prince Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Ukraine Prince Analysis - Essay Example In fact, the further situation in Ukraine depends on elections outcomes, after the 26th of March, when Ukrainian citizens elect new Parliament (Verhovna Rada) deputies, the deputies of local authorities, etc. The future direction of this young state developing will be defined after new Parliament majority forming and new Prime Minister nominating. It'll be a clear sign for investors for further actions. If new Parliament majority is pro-president with liberal Prime Minister (loyal to Ukraine President Victor Yushchenko, like Yuri Yekhanurov), then investors can definitely wait the implementation of declared reforms. If the new Prime Minister is Yulia Timoshenko (possible case), then investors must be more careful as Mrs. Timoshenko enjoys hand methods of economic regulation. At last if opposite parties form the majority, foreign investors can wait radical differences to the state-developing course, chosen by President. At first, it's necessary to progress liberty of speech, press etc (one of the great achievements of new authorities). Then Government should finally refuse from hand methods of economic regulation. Recently Ukraine got the free-market economy status; also the USA repealed Jackson-Venik amendment for Ukraine. Future government must use these privileges. Conducting free and fair tenders for enterprises privatising, equal tax policy etc. are obligatory conditions for regime change.As you can see, we chose the next actors, which play the most important role during pre-election company. Who are they? 1. â€Å"The party of regions† leaded by Prime Minister Victor Yanukovich, who was the main opponent of Victor Yushchenko during last president elections. This party has the highest popularity - from 22 to 27% according to different surveys. This group is well sponsored (Rinat Akhmetov, the richest businessman in Ukraine, is one of its leaders), and is the most serious opponent to pro-president forces. 2. "BYT" - Block of Yulia Timoshenko, the first Prime Minister after Orange Revolution. This ambitious lady was the wishes to become a powerful Prime Minister. She supports Mr. Yushchenko, but has some conflicts with his party "Our Ukraine" 3. "Our Ukraine" - the most reliable support for Mr. Yushchenko party, which nevertheless lost a significant electorate segment during the last year. 4. "The Socialistic Party of Ukraine" (SPU) headed by Olexandr Moroz, supposed to be included into pro-president majority, and tries to secure more vote than 4 years ago. 5. "The Communist Party of Ukraine" (CPU), headed by Petro Simonenko, is a firm opponent to present forces, but gradually loose electorate support. 6. Litvin's Peoples Block "We", headed by present Parliament Speaker Volodimir Litvin, can supplement either pro-president or opposite group of parties. They position themselves like the third (neutral) force and have not much support. 7. The Opposite Block "Not Yes", headed by the first Ukraine President Leonid Kravchuk, is firm opposite party, which has no developing program, but just is against "orange" forces. This group has a little support and has small chances to be represented in new Parliament. 8. One or even two parties can also secure more than 3% of votes. It can be either opposite parties (Natalia

Living in Multicultural Societies Research Paper

Living in Multicultural Societies - Research Paper Example Since the developed nations of the world offer superior education, health, employment and individual as well as collective growth and development of the people, the populations belonging to the under-developed and developing countries tend to move to the developed states for brighter job and business prospects on the one side, and to lead a better, comfortable and luxurious life on the other. Situated in the Island of Hispaniola, in the southern part of Atlantic Ocean, the Dominican Republic serves as the second largest Caribbean nation existing on the face of the earth (Seelke 1). Being the poor economy, but rich with the natural resources, the country had been the target of the adventures of the European powers since the seventeenth century onward. Since the Spanish royalty had taken keen interest in keeping the country under the Spanish control, the Caribbean island had been one of the Spanish dominions for decades. By the end of eighteenth century, the country came under the sway of French authorities, though the French had to experience the revolt of the indigenous population against them. It eventually encouraged the neighboring Haitians to occupy the island for establishing their rule over it (Lancer 2002). Migration is a social phenomenon, which is equally popular among the individuals belonging to all geographical zones, different ethnic, racial and religious backgrounds, various age-groups and both the genders (Weeks 263). Identical with the rest of the world, the people belonging to the Dominican Republic also observe migration from their native country to some other regions of the globe. It is partly because of the very fact that the country had been the victim of poverty, massive corruption at national scale, bad governance, nepotism, political unrest, sociocultural chaos and economic uncertainty that force the masses to explore new dimensions for making progress in life (Morgan, Espinal, & Seligson 10-1). In addition, the country also

Estuary English As A Growing Phenomenon English Language Essay

Estuary English As A Growing Phenomenon English Language Essay Introduction Estuary English is a term invented by the British phonetician David Rosewarne in 1984 to describe a variety of English spoken by the banks of the Thames and its estuary. Rosewarne describes Estuary English as a variety that includes the features of Standard English phonology, Received Pronunciation, as well as South-Eastern Britains, mainly the Cockney accents, speech patterns (Estuary English: Tomorrows RP?). Since 1984, the usage of Estuary English has grown profoundly. Geographically, it is said to be heard all over the South-East of England and also penetrating into the west. Much regional variation is being lost as a large number of Traditional Dialects covering small geographical areas are gradually disappearing, making way for the Modern Dialect, which covers much larger scales of land. Socially, it has allegedly penetrated into the upper-class. The growing number of its speakers is astounding. Nowadays many famous people, including people of the media, teachers and politicians, use this variety of English, even though it was thought to be a language of the lower middle-class. A number of scholars and phoneticians are assuming and predicting an even wider use eventually leading up to Estuary English replacing Received Pronunciation. This research paper focuses on the phenomenon of Estuary English information about the origin and nature of the variety, the characteristic features, and future predictions as well as how others perceive the issue. It will also include a research of the speeches of Tony Blair, The Queen and Gordon Brown on the basis of whether Estuary English is slowly vaporising the phonological boundaries of the social classes or not. I chose this topic to have an insight to the future events that might take place. As regional dialects are slowly vanishing and the usage of Estuary English is growing, the opportunity of monitoring the new wave of English as it emerges can be fascinating. Overview The term introduced by Rosewarne has developed a lot of excitement on many levels some phoneticians argue against it, others fight for it. Nevertheless, the use of the variety has been sighted growing as it is a middle-ground for the upper and the lower-class. Rosewarne introduced Estuary English as A variety of modified regional speech. It is a mixture of non-regional and local south-eastern English pronunciation and intonation. If one imagines a continuum with Received Pronunciation and London speech at either end, Estuary English speakers are to be found grouped in the middle ground.(Estuary English: Tomorrows RP?) The term Estuary English was coined by British linguist David Rosewarne in a ground-breaking article published in The Times Educational Supplement in October 1984 (Estuary English: Tomorrows RP?). Rosewarne published another article in 1994 -Estuary English: tomorrows RP?, in which he added new facts to his previous work. In his 1994 publication he explained why he introduced the new term (or the new variety):While doing post-graduate studies in Applied Linguistics in London in 1983, I felt that existing descriptions of pronunciation varieties made no real mention of accents intermediate between R.P. and localisable British forms. (Estuary English: Tomorrows RP?) Rosewarnes publications and Paul Coggles publication of the book Do you speak Estuary? in 1993 lead the way for a number of articles examining the nature, structure, and other characteristics of the variety. When the phenomenon was popularized in the 1990s, other linguists began to take the possibility of this new variety more seriously. The phonetician Parsons even called it the new RP in 1998 (From RP to Estuary English), when at the other end many journalists and politicians remain dubious towards the term even and call it a haphazard version of the Cockney accent (Maidment: Estuary English: Hybrid or Hype? 1994), even when numerous surveys have been carried out and it has been examined with scrutiny many times. Rosewarne chose the name estuary after the region from which the new variety of English was thought to have spread the banks of the river Thames and its estuary (Estuary English, 1984). The term, however, has excited resentment among many linguists many saying it is controversial because it is not only spoken on or near the Thames estuary, but in places further from there and that there is no clear evidence that it emerged from the Thames estuary (Maidment: Estuary Engslish: Hybrid or Hype? 1994). Controversy also remains over the matter whether it is a regiolect, a dialect, an accent or a style. Other terms for the name were suggested, such as General London and London English, (Wells, John.What is Estuary English?1997.) because the Cockney accent originates from London, but also the term Post-Modern English, referring to the recent development of the variety (Maidment: Estuary English: Hybrid of Hype? 1994). But as the term has already widely spread, it would be unwise to change the name now. Thus the contention over the topic is quite meaningless. Estuary English is most commonly associated with the young, many saying that even the upper-class young tend to use it now as a ways to be more like the middle and lower class. Young people, who are not so well off, often adapt to it because it sounds more sophisticated, making Estuary English a middle-way for both the well-off and the poorer people. As mentioned in the introduction, the variety is attractive to many celebrities and businessmen as well as Members of Parliament and members of the royal family are spotted using it (Wells, John.What is Estuary English?1997). Estuary English has brought up a lot of excitement. Even though many scholars remain dubious to the existence of such a new variety, the people talk otherwise quite literally. Features of Estuary English The features of Estuary English are the results of the confluence of Standard English Pronunciation (RP) and the Cockney accent. Rosewarne described it: If one imagines a continuum with Received Pronunciation and London speech at either end, EE speakers are to be found grouped in the middle ground. (Estuary English: Tomorrows RP? 1994) Some characteristics, which differentiate from both RP and Cockney and are presumed to be typical to Estuary English, are brought out in the next paragraphs. They appear at a lexical, phonological and grammatical level. L-vocalization the use of [o], [ÊÅ  ], or [É ¯] where RP uses [É «] in the final positions or in a final consonant cluster. As in the word milk pronounced as miok ( Joanna Ryfa, Estuary English: A controversial issue?) ( http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Estuary_English) Glottaling or using a glottal stop (ʆ) instead of t or d. Mostly used at the end of a word or before another consonant sound. E.g. the word but pronounced /bʌʆ/ (Joanna Ryfa, Estuary English: A controversial issue?) Yod-coalescence (in stressed syllables). The use of the affricates /Ê ¤/ and /Ê/ instead of the clusters /dj/ and /tj/ such as tune and /tʃu:n/, also in words like Tuesday and attitude. (http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Estuary_English) A broad A (É‘Ë ) in words such as bath, grass, laugh, etc. (http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Estuary_English) Non-rhoticity Rhotic speakers pronounce written /r/ in all positions, while non-rhotic speakers pronounce /r/ only if it is followed by a vowel sound and not always even then. (http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Estuary_English) Use of intrusive R. An epenthetic [É ¹] is added after a word that ends in a non-high vowel or glide if the next word begins with a vowel, regardless of whether the first word historically ended with /É ¹/ or not. For example, intrusive R would appear in Asia[É ¹] and Africa or the idea[É ¹] of it: Asia and idea did not historically end in /É ¹/, but the [É ¹] is inserted epenthetically to prevent a hiatus. Intrusive R also occurs within words before certain suffixes, such as draw[É ¹]ing or withdraw[É ¹]al. (http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Linking_and_intrusive_R) Y-tensing, using a sound more similar to the /i:/ of beat than to the /i/ of bit, at the end of words like happy, coffee, valley. (Joanna Ryfa, Estuary English: A controversial issue?) Use of confrontational question tags. For example, Were going later, arent we?, I said that, didnt I? (http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Estuary_English) The omission of the -ly adverbial ending, as in Youre turning it too slow, They talked very quiet for a while, (David Crystal, Cambridge Encyclopaedia of the English Language,1995) Certain prepositional uses, such as l got off of the bench, I looked out the window. (David Crystal, Cambridge Encyclopaedia of the English Language.1995) Generalization of the third person singular form (I gets out of the car), especially in narrative style; also the generalized past tense use of was, as in We was walking down the road. (David Crystal, Cambridge Encyclopaedia of the English Language,1995) Frequent use of the word cheers for Thank you and Goodbye Use of the word mate instead of friend, which is RP. Extension of the actual meaning of the word basically to use it as a gap filler. (Rosewarne, Estuary English: Tomorrows RP?) (David Crystal, Cambridge Encyclopaedia of the English Language,1995) Still, both Coggle and Rosewarne, although mentioning these characteristics in their featured articles, claim that features such as usage of the word cheers is also growingly common among young people, and is a not marker of Estuary English. Thus it is difficult to differentiate between the rising use of Estuary English, and the rising use of colloquial English. Estuary English speakers are very open to influence from American English, thus the usage of Americanisms is common. Some Americanisms adopted by Estuary English speakers with their British equivalents: British (B) Here you are; Americanism (A) There you go B- Sorry; A Excuse me B- By no means; A No way B I hope that; A- Hopefully B Hello; A Hi B- Correct; A- Right B- Certainly; A- Sure Some characteristics that are typically Cockney but misleadingly considered as Estuary English are: Th-fronting, i.e., replacement of [ÃŽÂ ¸, ÃÆ' °] with [f, v] (e.g. [fÉ ªÃƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¹k] for think) H-dropping, i.e., Dropping [h] in stressed words (e.g. [à ¦ÃƒÅ Ã¢â‚¬ ] for hat) Double negation. However, Estuary English may use never in case where not would be standard. For example, he did not [in reference to a single occasion] might become he never did. (http://www.worldlingo.com/ma/enwiki/en/Estuary_English) Estuary English as a variety of English comes on many different levels. Even though it is a new variety, the characteristics are already quite clear. An analysis of Tony Blairs, The Queens and Gordon Browns speeches the use of Estuary English over time. It is said that estuary English has climbed up the social ladder and its features can be heard in the Parliament. I analysed the speeches of Tony Blair, The Queen and Gordon Brown, comparing their speeches from twenty years ago with the ones they carry out now. Tony Blairs speeches Tony Blair was born in Scotland and also educated there. As any other Member of Parliament he speaks English with Received Pronunciation, but some articles suggest that his use of Estuary English has grown over the last decades. The earliest Tony Blairs speech I found in audio was carried out in 1997 his Victory Speech for becoming the prime minister. I compared the language of it with speeches from 2006, 2007 and 2010. The differences concerning the use of Estuary English were: L-vocalization. This was the most prominent of Estuary characteristics. Words in which he used it were killed, built (Reuters Media Control speech 2007), deal, will(General Election Victory speech 1997), well(Farewell speech 2006) Glottalisation. Words in which he used it were better (General Election Victory speech 1997; Farewell speech 2006), little bit, but, not (Farewell speech 2006). Non-rhoticity. In the words target,fair (Cardinals lecture 2008) The use of Estuary English has definitely grown, though it cannot be said that the usage of it is enormous. Most apparent differences can be seen in the use of glottalisation in the 2010 example he used it the most. Though some say that Tony Blair changes his accent when speaking to differentaudiences (Arthur, Charles. Language: Estuary English engulfs a nation 1998) in the parliament he uses RP and on television giving interviews he uses Estuary English to win the middle-class over, the speeches I analysed had the same characteristics in most of them, contradicting with what the media said about his usage of Estuary English depending on the audience. The Queens speeches The Queen should be the prime example of perfect Received Pronunciation. In 2006 Neil Tweedie wrote about the queens changing language, including that Her Majesty may not be quite ready to engage in fully-fledged Bermondsey banter with Jade Goody, but her speech has nevertheless followed the general trend from cut-glass URP (Upper Rec-eived Pronunciation) towards the more democratic Standard Received Pronunciation and its close relative, Standard Southern British English. (How Queens English has grown more like ours). I analysed her speeches with no real expectation to find anything. For the earliest speech I took The Queens Christmas Message from 1992 and the last ones are from 2008, 2009, 2010. There were not many examples to be found, but the ones I discovered were: Glottalisation. Words like forgotten, but(Christmas speech 2008;Christmas speech 2009) Non-rhoticity in there(Christmas speech 2008), simpler(Christmas speech 1992) The usage of Estuary English in the Queens speeches is minimal. Gordon Browns speeches I chose Gordon Brown for my third study because he should be somewhere in the middle of Tony Blair and The Queen, concerning the usage of Estuary English. Gordon Brown was born in Scotland and also educated there, thus his pronunciation was a bit Scottish. His use of English has not been talked about in the media. I analysed his speeches from 1985 and 1992 to 2009, 2010. What I found out was: Glottalisation in the word Britain (Speech for Citizens UK 2010), let(Resignation speech 2010) L-volcalisation in words brilliant(Speech for Citizens UK 2010;Resignation speech 2010), million(Speech for Citizens UK 2010), will(2009 Labour Conference speech), well (Resignation speech 2010) Gordon Browns usage of Estuary English is minor. Though there are some examples of it, he cannot be called an example of Estuary English, but the usage of it has definitely grown. Conclusion of the research My research shows that there are not any lexical examples of Estuary English in these three cases, but some pronunciational differences do appear in the speeches of Tony Blair, The Queen and Gordon Brown. The characteristics of Estuary English that appeared are mostly the same glottalisation and l-vocalisation being the most prominent. Although the usage of Estuary English is minimal, it still has grown. It can be explained in two ways either Estuary English is filtering into the speech of parliamentarians and the Queen, or Estuary English is used for identifying with the middle-class. Future predictions for Estuary English Through time, Estuary English has influenced RP, and it will continue to do so. In the 1980s, when Rosewarne first published his essay, it received little attention. When he republished the essay in a slightly longer version in 1994, it received the acknowledgement it deserved. After that the term and its possibility of taking over RP has been all over the media. Rosewarne in 1984 speculated that in the long run it may influence the speech of all but the linguistically most isolated, among the highest and lowest socio-economic groups who may then become linguistically conservative minorities. He even suggested Estuary English to take over the Standard English pronunciation. (Estuary English: Tomorrows RP?) At first Rosewarne was almost alone with his theory, but since them the acknowledgement has grown. Although many linguistics still contravene with the subject, the most prominent linguistics, such as Coggle, have fortified the term with additional research on the matter. As young people are highly affected by the media, it carries the most influential part in the development of the speech of young people. That is why teenagers idols like David Beckham and Lily Allen, who speak immaculate Estuary English, have a huge affect on teenagers speech. In addition to these teen-idols, there are many television shows such as Eastenders which carry out clear cut Estuary English. And since most of the teenagers are affected, in some generations the pronunciational differences between the social classes may vanish. In my opinion, Estuary English is definitely on the rise and spreading rapidly. Though the effects of Estuary English have not occurred in Scotland, Wales or Ireland, in some time, it may be possible too. Estuary English is an increasing variety which is penetrating through the boundaries of social classes and the media. Conclusion Estuary English is a variety of English that is growing rapidly. It is a mixture of Cockney English and Received Pronunciation. Estuary English is acceptable to both the upper-class and the lower-classes, benefiting them both. It influences both the regional varieties and the diminishing class-distinctive speech. Estuary English can be heard everywhere from the street to the Parliament building. As research shows, the usage of Estuary English in Tony Blairs, The Queens and Gordon Browns speeches has also grown, even though the size of the futility varies greatly. From these three Tony Blair was the keenest Estuary English speaker, leaving Gordon Brown second, and The Queen the last. Their usage of Estuary English limits to the pronunciational level, leaving aside the lexical and grammatical side. The future of Estuary English promises an even wider use from the lower class to the upper class, from the east coast to the west coast. Estuary English may be the next Received Pronunciation.